Fog Forecast Based on Modified Richardson Index
The Modified Richardson Index (MRI) is a useful diagnostic parameter for assessing atmospheric stability and the potential for fog formation, particularly during the night and early morning. It relates thermal stratification to wind shear and helps identify conditions in which turbulence and vertical mixing are sufficiently weak for near-surface moisture to accumulate. Low or negative MRI values generally indicate stable conditions with suppressed turbulence, which can favour the development and persistence of radiation or shallow surface fog. Higher positive values indicate increasing instability or mechanical mixing and therefore less favourable conditions for fog formation. The MRI is most effective when interpreted along with surface relative humidity, dew-point depression, wind speed, cloud cover, temperature, and boundary-layer characteristics. It can support operational fog forecasting for aviation, transportation, agriculture, and weather-sensitive activities.
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